In recent years, one critical aspect of air source heat pump installations has often been neglected: external pipe insulation. As the demand for energy efficiency increases, the importance of using the best possible external insulation for ASHPs cannot be overstated. So let's delve into why high-quality external insulation is essential and what characteristics make insulation effective and reliable.

Water Resistance

Moisture can drastically reduce the thermal efficiency of insulation. When insulation becomes wet, its thermal conductivity increases, leading to energy loss and the deterioration of the material. Therefore, insulation with high water diffusion resistance is crucial. Additionally, sealing all joints and gaps is essential to prevent water ingress through capillary action. If the insulation is not protected and every joint and gap is not sealed correctly, efficiency is seriously compromised.

Optimal Insulation Efficiency

The primary function of insulation is to minimise thermal loss. This requires materials that fit well without being compressed, as squeezing insulation into tight spaces can reduce its effectiveness and cause thermal bridging. Ensuring that the insulation is properly clipped on the outside and sealed around pipes and fixtures is vital to maintaining efficiency and preventing moisture penetration. The issue is exacerbated when using standard plastic trunking designed for smaller air conditioning pipework. For instance, the typical 140mm trunking hides multiple issues because the two insulated pipes have to be squeezed in to fit, reducing insulation efficiency and potentially causing thermal crossover that can affect the heat pump’s operation.

What's more, installers using thinner wall thicknesses than the 19mm standard compromise insulation further. Since it is impossible to clip on the outside of the insulation correctly, many installers resort to clipping the pipework first and then insulating it, using tie wraps to hold the insulation together around the clips. This method leaves gaps and makes it difficult to ensure a consistent seal, reducing the system’s overall efficiency.

UV Protection and Air Contamination Resistance

External materials are subject to degradation from UV rays. Insulation must have built-in UV protection to withstand outdoor conditions over time. Furthermore, in areas with air pollution, such as near factories or busy roads, insulation needs additional protection to prevent contamination that can impair its function. This level of protection should be present out of the box, as adding UV protection during installation in varying weather conditions is impractical and often ineffective.

Through-Wall Sleeving

When pipes pass through walls, sleeving protects the insulation from damage and prevents pests from compromising the system. Proper sleeving and sealing ensure that the integrity of the insulation is maintained, thereby preserving the overall energy efficiency of the building. Standard shrouds on plastic trunking are often not large enough to cover two separate insulated pipes, leading many installers to use a 4-inch core and soil pipe. This approach is problematic as it is not waterproof, allowing moisture to enter through joints and gaps, creating a microenvironment that can never dry out, further degrading the insulation.

All-Weather Installation Capability

Professional installers often work in varied weather conditions. Therefore, insulation products must be easy to install regardless of the weather. This requirement ensures that installations are not delayed and that the insulation performs as expected in both extreme heat and cold. Products must be designed for general weather conditions to help the professional installer complete the job efficiently and effectively.

Sealing of Joints and Gaps

To maintain efficiency, all joints and gaps must be meticulously sealed. Proper sealing prevents thermal leaks and moisture ingress, which can undermine the insulation’s performance and longevity. The insulation products need to support easy sealing, ensuring that every joint and gap is closed, including those through the wall. If plastic trunking large enough to house the insulation correctly were available, it would need to feature high water resistance, be sealed on all joints, and clipped externally.

Ease of Maintenance

Regular maintenance is essential for sustaining the efficiency of ASHPs. This includes inspecting and maintaining external insulation and ensuring that all joints remain sealed. High-quality insulation products should facilitate easy maintenance, helping to ensure long-term performance and reliability. Annual services on heat pumps and systems must include checking the external insulation and all joints to maintain and protect the system’s efficiency and all external products.

Closing Thoughts

Investing in high-quality external insulation for air source heat pumps is crucial for maximising energy efficiency and protecting the system from environmental factors. By ensuring that the insulation is water-resistant, UV-protected, easy to install in all weather conditions, and properly sealed, professionals can significantly enhance the performance and lifespan of ASHP installations. Regular maintenance further ensures that the insulation continues to function optimally, providing consistent energy savings and durability.

This article was written and provided by Primary Pro. Their bespoke insulation solutions not only maximise heat pump efficiency but also enhance the aesthetic appeal of your customers’ homes, guaranteeing a high-quality finish designed to meet the unique needs of professional installers. Primary Pro offer a comprehensive range of insulation products and tools, from various insulation sizes to innovative sealing solutions, all designed to make installations smoother and more efficient. For more information, visit their website or contact them at info@primarypro.co.uk.