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Spacing for roof fixing bolts ?

 
Solar Photovoltaic (PV)
Last Post by Transparent 10 months ago
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 heat-pump-newbie
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Topic starter 13/05/2024 6:56 pm  

What spacing should the fixing bolts be for Solar Panel roof bars ? I've seen 0.6 to 0.8 m apart, but elsewhere I've seen 1.2 to 1.8 m apart.

Proposed panels are 1762 mm x 1134 mm and 20.6 kg. Rafters are 600 mm apart approx.


   
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Mars
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13/05/2024 9:29 pm  

I think @saenergy will have the definitive answer for this one.

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 SAEnergy
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14/05/2024 5:17 am  

This is determined by a wind load calculation.   

the calculation will tell you the total uplift in Nm.  The manufacturer will have a specification for the hook selected, you take the load for the array and divide that by the hook capacity.  That tells you how many hooks are required   

You then space accordingly.

general rule of thumb:

each and of array should not exceed a hook by more than 150mm

The end hooks on each rail will generally be the closest, in your case 600mm apart  

Hooks through the centre of the array will likely be at 1200mm

Your installer should carry out this calculation post survey.  Note that structure and location are very important here. 

This post was modified 10 months ago by Mars

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 heat-pump-newbie
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Topic starter 14/05/2024 7:51 am  

Thanks @saenergy - I don't suppose the customer would be shown these calculations.

I should change my name to PV-newbie 😀 


   
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 SAEnergy
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14/05/2024 5:06 pm  

@heat-pump-newbie

It’s not a requirement in the handover pack but it should definitely be available if requested  

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Mars
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14/05/2024 10:06 pm  

@heat-pump-newbie I don’t see why they shouldn’t show and share these calculations with you, especially if you’re proceeding with the job. You need to be sure that the installers have done background work.

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Transparent
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16/05/2024 12:25 pm  

There is another consideration...
but alas this doesn't feature in the installers' guidance/training by MCS.

This diagram shows a generic roof construction with the lower rail for mounting PV panels in purple:

PVfix diagB

MCS specify the ways in which the rail support brackets must be fixed, which is usually with two M8 x 80mm stainless steel coach screws (or similar).

Those brackets are screwed to the underlying rafters through the vapour barrier (roofing felt).

In turn, the rafter is fixed to the wall plate.
That's a 50x100mm piece of treated timber, bedded onto a run of mortar above the inner leaf of the cavity wall.

At intervals specified in the Building Regs, straps (in red) are fixed to the wall plate and bolted into the blocks of the inner wall.
Note the blue fixings. This is what holds the roof onto the house and prevents it being lifted off in a gale.

Wall plate straps are plastered over, and few people outside the building trade realise they're there.

It is all too common for wall plate straps to be inadequately fitted.
Indeed I've seen new-build houses where they are completely absent.
The wall-plate is simply held onto the top row of concrete blocks with a 4-inch nail. 😲 

Adding a row of solar panels to the roof will significantly increase the wind-lift factor.

In strong winds, the weak point is likely to be how the wall plate is fixed to the wall below it.

If you hear timbers creaking shortly after solar panels have been fitted, I suggest you don't just ignore it !

 

The adjacent photo shows a wall-plate strap being added to a renovation property.

In this case the original ceiling joists had to be completely removed. The ends above the wall plate had deteriorated.
The new (more substantial) ceiling joists are now held by proper joist brackets, bolted to the wall, and lapped over the top of the wall plate.
Sheradised nails hold the joist bracket to the timber wall plate.

The wall plate strap has been fixed close to the joist bracket to add further strength.
Although not shown in the photo, that wall plate strap is actually 1200mm long and held to the wall blocks using 8 fixing points.

This post was modified 10 months ago 3 times by Transparent

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