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How To Deal With a Heat Pump Nightmare

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Toodles
(@toodles)
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@iantelescope You mentioned; ‘

Your photograph looks a wee bit like me ...........

ian’

Commiserations Sir! 😉

Regards, Toodles.

Toodles, he heats his home with cold draughts and cooks his food with magnets.


   
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(@iantelescope)
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Hi Toodles

I have been contemplating my Heat Pump Fiasco ............

Perhaps Hans Christian Anderson sums it up perfectly........

The King is in the altogether, but altogether, the altogether He's altogether as naked as the day that he was born The King is in the altogether, but altogether, the altogether It's altogether the very least the King has ever worn".

For naked kings read Heat Pumps!

Having been told, by the NIC, that, following the third STRIKE_OFF of my "Installer"

"You are NOT Going to like this ............but Nothing can be Done!"

Were it Not for the intervention of my Member of the Scottish Parliament, I would have faced a total bill of £14000 following the Striking OFF of my "installer" by the NIC.

The HES in Scotland initially refused to repay the Grant and loan because of the performance of my "installer".

In the event, a "Drawdown Payment " was arranged to provide me with the Grant of ~£5000 , while still having to pay £42 per month for the £2500 Loan!

I spent another £3500 on replacing the Microbore Pipes and the replacing ALL of the radiators.

I spent a further £922.80 when Told that "I Must remove my Gas boiler  .........it being "too difficult to install the necessary Valves etc".

ps. I look more than a wee bit like you Toodles!

 

This post was modified 8 months ago by Mars

   
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Toodles
(@toodles)
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@iantelescope As I said before regarding similarities of Fizoggs - Commiserations! Regards, Toodles.

Toodles, he heats his home with cold draughts and cooks his food with magnets.


   
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(@iantelescope)
Prominent Member Contributor
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Posts: 418
 

The Control Philosophy for Heat Pumps

 

My Heat pump controls the Water Temperature by measuring the outdoor Temperature and using the Water -Law Graph :

WL2 1

The Y Coordinate of the Water Law Graph shows the required Water Temperature as the outdoor Temperature changes.

 

The Actual Water Temperature is found by adding an Offset Temperature using the Displayed Water -Law Thermostat:

Weather  compensation Working 1

With the required Water Temperature found by adding the Thermostat Offset to the  Water Law Graph.

Here, the 1.2 C Offset produces a Water Temperature of 42.4 C.

 

Required Water temperature = Water-Law-Graph( Outdoor Temperature) + Offset.

The Actual  Resulting Water Temperature is set by measuring the difference between the Required Water Temperature and the Resulting Water Temperature.

The Water Law Thermostat cannot maintain the Actual Water Temperature exactly at the Required Water Temperature , with the resulting water temperature  shown in the following graph:

08230926

The Water Temperature is here oscillating , or Cycling , with a period of ~10 Minutes.

When the Water Law Thermostat detects the Water Temperature falling below the  Required Temperature  a Power Demand is issued to the Heat Pump.

With Power heating the water , the Water Temperature sharply increases until stopped by the cycle Running Time.

The Water Temperature then fall exponentially with a time constant determined by the Volume ( Mass) of Water within the Water Pipes.

The Cycle is stopped when the Water Temperature again falls below the required Temperature.

If the Cycle time is Less than 15.. 20 minutes , and the Cycling is seen to run continuously the Heat Pump is considered to be "Short Cycling".*

3 15 10

A particularly violent example of "Short Cycling" on 15th / 16 th March 2024

Both the MCS and Samsung have issued Warnings about Short Cycling:

A MCS Warning

Buffer sizing 11

Notice here the emphasis on the Minimum Power that the Heat Pump inverter can supply, here, ~2.5 kw.

The Minimum Inverter power is every bit as important as the Maximum power!

Most manufacturers Do NOT publicise their Minimum Inverter Power, presumably because they have something to hide!

A Warning for Samsung users.

Buffer Warning !0002

 

* See the DECC Reports on a 15/20 minute Lower limit for cycling time and an advised 6 minute lower limit for Running Time.

 

ian

p.s I hope I have not insulted you  by not "teaching your granny to suck eggs".

I Hope my Technical writing style does NOT offend!

This post was modified 8 months ago by Mars

   
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Majordennisbloodnok
(@majordennisbloodnok)
Noble Member Moderator
6419 kWhs
Joined: 3 years ago
Posts: 657
 

Posted by: @iantelescope

p.s I hope I have not insulted you  by not "teaching your granny to suck eggs".

I Hope my Technical writing style does NOT offend!

No and no.

Thanks for posting.

 

105 m2 bungalow in South East England
Mitsubishi Ecodan 8.5 kW air source heat pump
18 x 360W solar panels
1 x 6 kW GroWatt battery and SPH5000 inverter
1 x Myenergi Zappi
1 x VW ID3
Raised beds for home-grown veg and chickens for eggs

"Semper in excretia; suus solum profundum variat"


   
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(@iantelescope)
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Posts: 418
 

To Buffer Or Not To Buffer , that is the Question?

Spring 2024.....

With Spring my Heat Pump resumes "Short Cycling" as shown in the following graph:

3 18 11

What Causes Short Cycling?

With Heat Pump Power Controlled by an "Inverter" my Heat Pump reverts to Cycling below the Inverter Minimum Power, in my case ~2.5 kw.

 

Cycling Time is set by the time taken to Heat the volume of water in the water pipes in response to the Heat Pump inverter Minimum power.

Energy Equations at Inverter Minimum Power

The total Input Energy when operating at Minimum power is        

     Input_Energy = Minimum_Power X Run_Time .................................................................................................................................................................(1)

Where Run_Time is measured in seconds.

 

The Total Power consumed in heating the Volume of water contained in the buffer and the pipes        

  Energy Consumed = Specific_Heat_of_Water X Mass_of_Water_within Water_pipes  X Maximum_Allowable_Temperature _Drop_Across_Buffer .........(2)                

 

The Input_Energy must equal the Energy_Consumed , i.e. ................1 = 2

 

For my Heat Pump :

Minimum power = 2.5 Kw

Buffer Volume = 50 Litres.

Volume of Pipes = 6 Litres.

Maximum_Allowable_Drop_Across_Buffer = 5 C.

 

Therefore, for my Heat Pump:

 2.5 X Rum_Time  = 4.18 X 56 X 5

 

Therefore , the Run Time in minutes for My Heat Pump would be         Run_Time = 4.18 X 56 X 5 / (2.5 X 60)

giving a Run_time of ..............................7.8 minutes:

 

Trade Off between "Short Cycling " and Efficiency......

The Calculation above depends upon the Value of the "Minimum_Allowable_Temperature_Drop , here assumed to be 5C.

My Heat Pump Already has a Temperature Drop of ~5 +/- 2 C Across a Heat Exchanger.

With a further worst case Piping Temperature Drop of ~ 8 +/- 2 C the total Temperature Drop is Already ~14C .

At a these Water Temperatures , the Radiators are Already operating at an efficiency of X 0.63 When operating at the Specified Working Water Temperature.!

 

The Compromise !

Given that I cannot afford any further Temperature Drops across the Transmission network A Buffer was fitted in Parallel.

The Parallel Buffer Tank was originally installed to overcome the De-icing Problem.

The Parallel Buffer Tank has been successful in stopping the de-icing problem but NOT the "Short Cycling".

 

Given that the NIC says that "You are NOT Going to like this ...............but that , given  the application of extensive sanctions against your "installer" ,

NOTHING CAN BE DONE".

 

Hypothermia or Bankruptcy ?

ian

PS Please check my calculations against those given in the MCS Data Sheet .

Buffer sizing 11

pps Please forgive my "simplistic Technical authorship"

This post was modified 8 months ago by Mars

   
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(@iantelescope)
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Installing  a "Serial" or "Parallel" Buffer to reduce "Short Cycling" ?

Following a visit from a French Samsung Engineer I had a friendly dispute about fitting a buffer in Series with the Input port of my Heat Exchanger

OR 

installing the buffer in Parallel , i.e. across the ports of my Heat Exchanger.

 

The Frenchman was amused by my description of the "in Series" or "in Parallel" electrical speak!

 

The Parallel Buffer Across the Heat Exchanger Ports 

My Heat has , currently, a buffer fitted between the ports of my Heat Exchanger.

When operating above the Minimum Inverter power of ~2.5 Kw the Heat Pump Power is controlled by the Inverter.

When operating below the Minimum Inverter power , the Heat Pump reverts to Cycling power control.

When cycling, the Power from the Heat pump is used to heat a volume of Water , here, when operating "in Parallel", equalling the Buffer Volume plus the volume of the Heat Exchanger.

The Heat Exchanger volume is unknown but is thought to be insignificant compared to that of the Buffer Tank.

When operating at Minimum Power the Energy input to heating the Water in the Buffer Tank is:

Input Energy Required to heat Buffer tank = Minimum_power X Run_Time ( Seconds) ...........................................(1)

 

The Input Energy is used to heat the Buffer tank:

Energy consumed in heating water  = Specific_Heat_of_Water X Buffer_tank_Volume X Temperature_Difference _Across_Heat_Exchanger_ports...........(2)

where the Temperature_Difference _Across_Heat_Exchanger_ports is found by a pair of 18B20 Sensors, found to be ~4 C.

 

On equating 1) and 2) :

2.5 X Run_Time  = 4.18 X 50 X 4

Therefore:

Run_Time ( Minutes) = 4.18 X 50 X 4/(2.5 X 60) = 5.57 Minutes.

 

The Actual Run_Time measured is shown in the Graph:

Cycle time 11 03 24

With a Measured Average Run_Time of 5.16 Minutes.

 

The Run_time Calculated for the case of the "in Series" Buffer Tank was 7.8 minutes.

 

Conclusions

The fitting of a buffer Across the ports of my Heat Exchanger make little difference to that of fitting the Buffer "in Series" with One of my  Heat Exchanger ports!

 

When the buffer tank is fitted Across the Heat Exchanger ports ,"Short Cycling" is  a function of the Heat Pump Minimum Inverter Power , the Temperature Drop Across the Heat Exchanger Ports and the Buffer Tank Volume.

In Parallel , the Buffer acts as a shorting load across the Heat Exchanger ports, although, I have not, as yet,  measured the resulting losses.

In parallel , the losses are shown on the following graph:

losses 11 03 24

With an average loss of  24.8 % including the Heat Exchanger , Parallel Buffer and piping.

When the buffer tank is fitted in line with only one Heat Exchanger Port , i.e. "In series operation ","Short Cycling" is  a function of the Heat Pump Minimum Inverter Power , the Temperature Drop Across the Buffer tank  and the Buffer Tank Volume.

When the buffer tank is fitted in line with only one Heat Exchanger Port , i.e. "In series operation", the Operating Water Temperature as displayed on the Heat Pump front panel , will be  significantly reduced . The Radiators will emit significantly reduced power.

This post was modified 8 months ago by Mars

   
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(@iantelescope)
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Joined: 2 years ago
Posts: 418
 

@Mars

The Costs of "Short Cycling".

My Heat Pump is "Short Cycling" as shown in the graph

 

power

This "Short Cycling " results in motor wear & water contamination :

SNV82102

Water contamination is covered by the BS7593 Directive : Issued in 2019 to replace Similar EEC Directives.

The Following is an edited version of the BS7593 :2019 instructions provided by Fernox .

 

Published in May 2019 the new BS 7593:2019 provides clear guidance on the preparation, commissioning and maintenance of domestic central heating and cooling water systems.

 

1.Clean

Before an existing central heating system is dosed with chemical water treatment or a filter is installed, it is vital that it is cleaned to remove any existing sludge or debris build-up. For best results, installers should use a recognised cleaning method such as power flushing, mains pressure or gravity cleaning.

It is also important that systems are cleaned before the boiler is installed or when a new boiler has been isolated from the rest of the system. This will prevent any existing sludge or debris within the system reaching and depositing in the boiler and causing lasting damage.

2. Guard

Once a central heating system is cleaned, it is key to make sure that sludge and debris does not build-up once more. The new BS 7593:2019 code of practice states that, in order to do this, an in-line filter should be permanently installed to provide continued protection and maintain system efficiency.

It is important that the chosen filter can effectively capture and contain both magnetic and non-magnetic debris to keep the system as clean as possible. Filters manufactured by leading water treatment specialists, that utilise a powerful neodymium magnet and other technology such as Hydronic Particle Separation (HPS) are better able to achieve this – and can therefore deliver optimum results.

For ease of install, it is important to consider whether the filter can be installed in a variety of orientations, such as horizontal, vertical, or with the capability of being installed up to 45° orientation in order to fit small confined spaces.

3. Protect

To protect a central heating system from corrosion, scale, microbial fouling for low temperature heating systems, installers should dose the system with the correct quantity of chemical water treatment products. This should include Protectors to protect against harmful sludge and debris build-up. It is best to choose products from a reputable manufacturer, to guarantee that the chemicals will continue to protect the system effectively.

It is also important that systems are dosed correctly – the Fernox ‘F’ range of chemicals, for example, have recently been re-formulated to include more active ingredients; and can now treat systems up to 130 litres, 16 radiators, or underfloor systems up to 250m2. This will significantly lower the chance of under dosing, to cover 97% of UK homes.

For low temperature or underfloor heating circuits, which are at risk from bacterial contamination and fungus, specialist biocides are available. Fernox Biocide F7, for example, protects against bacterial slimes, algae and biofilms forming, which can cause blockages, inefficiencies and ultimately breakdowns.

System Filters can directly protect the boiler to ensure that any circulating debris that is present within the system does not reach vulnerable components such as pumps or heat exchangers.

For hard water areas with a ppm of 200 and above, a scale reducer should be fitted to mitigate the effects of limescale. Electrolytic Scale Reducers offer whole house protection whilst Magnetic Scale reducers are designed to be fitted next to the boiler for single appliance protection.

4. Maintain

BS 7593:2019 states that servicing of in-line filters is recommended as part of the re-commissioning process, ideally as part of the annual boiler service and according to the manufacturer’s instructions – to remove any sludge or debris that has been captured. This will ensure that the filter continues to work at its best, removing contaminants from the system.

 

5.Test

To ensure full system protection, inhibitor levels should be checked throughout its life cycle. This can be achieved with a full laboratory analysis of the system water. Simple test kits are available – these require a sample of the water to be taken and sent off to a laboratory for testing.

In order to meet the requirements of BS 7593:2019, it is vital that installers look to specialist manufacturers who demonstrate an understanding of the on-site challenges, with an extensive product portfolio that offers a solution for every application – and ensures compliance on every project.

 

ian

 


   
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Jeff
 Jeff
(@jeff)
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Example of a customer and a bankrupt installer 

https://www.theguardian.com/money/2024/oct/21/we-were-left-out-in-the-cold-over-a-faulty-heat-pump-installation

Interesting which organisation covered it under their "promise"

Not sure if it has been posted on the forum before, it may be in another thread somewhere.

This post was modified 2 weeks ago by Jeff

   
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Mars
 Mars
(@editor)
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Topic starter  

@jeff interesting to see Grant’s ‘involvement’ in this. On Sunday we have a podcast episode that addresses a lot of the shortcomings highlighted in this piece from a manufacturer support and warranty perspective.

Buy Bodge Buster – Homeowner Air Source Heat Pump Installation Guide: https://amzn.to/3NVndlU
From Zero to Heat Pump Hero: https://amzn.to/4bWkPFb

Subscribe and follow our Homeowners’ Q&A heat pump podcast


   
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Jeff
 Jeff
(@jeff)
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Posts: 449
 

Posted by: @editor

@jeff interesting to see Grant’s ‘involvement’ in this. On Sunday we have a podcast episode that addresses a lot of the shortcomings highlighted in this piece from a manufacturer support and warranty perspective.

Obviously we don't know all the detail.

I do find it interesting from a public relations exercise.

Am surprised at the lack of response from Grant. On this basis alone i doubt i would use them in our next home. They have really shot themselves in the foot here but not engaging with a newspaper.

It would have been easy cheap PR to get involved in my humble opinion given the press coverage in a newspaper. The average Guardian reader may well be a good target market for heat pumps.

It is interesting how much official accreditation the installer had directly rather than subcontracting work. I wonder how common that is. It certainly helped for this customer.

Good on a journalist who clearly wasn't an expert in heat pumps picking this up. In fact that may actually have helped as they tried lots of ways to sort it out and were not caught up with group think and any previous conceptions on responsibility. The "computer says no" attitude of some organisations can be frustrating in my personal experience.

In think... To speed up the uptake of heat pumps the sector as a whole needs to fix customer issues quickly. It is in their mutual interest. Else a few small stories will get in the way of the good work going on and the case for heat pumps.

This post was modified 2 weeks ago 2 times by Jeff
This post was modified 2 weeks ago by Mars

   
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Mars
 Mars
(@editor)
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Topic starter  

While the article ends on a positive note with promises to handle repairs, forum experiences here suggest there’s often a long way to go after that point. Even once they commit to repairs, plenty of issues can still surface. Unfortunately, the involvement of NICEIC isn’t always reassuring either, as they’ve earned a reputation for inconsistent follow-through on cases like this.

And you’re spot about Grant @jeff. Missed opportunity. I follow all the major heat pump manufactures on social media, and Grant’s feeds on LinkedIn are dominated by corporate hospitality and team building at Bath Rugby matches. 

Buy Bodge Buster – Homeowner Air Source Heat Pump Installation Guide: https://amzn.to/3NVndlU
From Zero to Heat Pump Hero: https://amzn.to/4bWkPFb

Subscribe and follow our Homeowners’ Q&A heat pump podcast


   
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