When it comes to selecting an MCS (Microgeneration Certification Scheme) certified installer for your heat pump installation, the certification might seem like a hallmark of competence and quality. However, a deeper dive into the actual training and qualification process reveals a less promising picture, one that homeowners should be aware of before making a decision.
The MCS certification process for heat pump installers encompasses a range of criteria, including obtaining recognised qualifications (more on that in a moment), implementing a Quality Management System (QMS) and membership in consumer codes and certification bodies. While these requirements aim to ensure a standard level of service and expertise, the effectiveness and depth of the training component have come into question in light of countless subpar heat pump installations across the UK.
To be eligible for MCS certification, installers must obtain qualifications from recognised bodies, such as BPEC or LCL Awards. These courses are intended to equip installers with the necessary knowledge and skills to meet MCS standards. The BPEC course (you can buy the manual for the course from Waterstones for £62.50) covers the basics:
- Heat pumps in context
- How a heat pump works – principles and components
- Insulation, heat losses and the effect of heating system design
- Domestic hot water, buffer tanks and solar coils
- Ground heat exchangers
- Health and safety
- Heat pump installation
- Maintenance and fault finding
The course offering on the BPEC website appears to be light, and feedback from attendees of these courses has not been glowing.
We spoke to one installer who completed a BPEC course on heat pump installation. His experience was disheartening, to say the least: “It’s rubbish. It’s so, so bad. It cost me £800 and three days of work. I came out knowing less than when I went in, and I didn’t even know about heat pumps then. I in no way think I’m better than any other installer, but there were people on the course who had no idea. One asked where the analyser goes. One asked where you put the anti-legionella fluid. These guys failed the exams but then got through on the vocal question where you can’t fail. They are then able to go for MCS. It’s a complete joke. Just a money spinner.”
This firsthand account raises serious concerns about the efficacy of the training provided. If courses recognised by MCS fail to impart essential knowledge and skills, the value of the certification itself becomes questionable, and begs the question why MCS exists at all.
Another installer shared their journey to becoming ‘confidently competent’ in installing heat pumps, contrasting sharply with the current MCS-endorsed training pathways: “It took me at least ten years to be confidently competent… the current courses can be a few days, in total probably 3 x 6hr sessions over 3 x 8hr days. Whether the content has much relevance is another matter. It’s not difficult to see why the market is a mess. Those who are competent won’t engage with schemes. The poor work we see is the outcome from schemes accepting unskilled inexperienced people trying to establish themselves and often just don’t understand or realise they’ve made a mistake.”
This perspective highlights a critical gap between the time and experience required to master heat pump installations and the duration of MCS-recognised courses. The discrepancy raises questions about the depth and applicability of the content delivered within these training programs.
The MCS certification process, while comprehensive on paper, involves significant financial and time investment from installers. From course fees to application costs and annual subscriptions, the process is not only lengthy but also expensive, and a lot of these costs are passed onto homeowners. This has led to criticisms that MCS certification is more about generating revenue than ensuring installer competence and quality installations.
For homeowners considering an MCS certified installer for their heat pump, this information serves as a cautionary tale. The MCS certification, though suggestive of a basic compliance with industry norms, falls markedly short of assuring an installer’s hands-on expertise or mastery in heat pump technology. Critically, the training provided under this certification is insufficient for the complex realities of low temperature heating system installations, such as those required for heat pumps. Installers, with limited training, are often applying methods suitable for traditional boilers to heat pump installations—an approach that is fundamentally flawed and could significantly undermine the efficiency and effectiveness of these renewable energy systems.
Considering these insights, it becomes clear that homeowners must look beyond mere certification when choosing an installer for heat pump systems. It is critical to inquire about the installer’s direct experience with heat pump installations, consult customer feedback, and consider advice from trusted sources. Recommendations based on personal experience often provide the most reliable guidance. This highlights a pressing issue within the industry: the current certification process may not adequately reflect an installer’s proficiency and quality of work. This situation prompts a necessary and potentially controversial reevaluation of the effectiveness of existing certification standards in the heat pump installation sector.
Totally agree, the industry as a whole is making red tape jumps and hoops, that should not be there. The practical theory ratio is way out of balance, an engineer wants to be an engineer.
Any course that is online, 3 days at a training center proves that you can pass a course.
In my day the term was “I’ve served an apprenticeship" not “last Friday I attended a course and passed".
Now, you have all your shiny new badges and certifications, how many heat pump systems have you actually installed. ???? Unfortunately I feel it will never change, myself and others have been going on about this for decades.
Like many things, the industry needs scraping and starting again.
@KenBone What I’ve found particularly troubling is that behind the facade of numerous impressive looking certifications with gold and platinum logos, there’s often nothing substantial at the core. This has made choosing a heat pump installer feel like a ridiculous gamble.
Sadly, it’s not new information that the traditional apprenticeship path has diminished, giving way to online or brief overview courses which is undoubtedly contributing to the increase in shoddy installations.
Given your status as one of the most experienced and respected installers in the UK, could you share any advice for homeowners on what to consider regarding credentials, qualifications and experience when selecting an installer?
Dont get me started on Gas Safe …… not in terms of competent standards but in terms of it holding very competent people to ransom – its just an extortion racket in my opinion ….
Its, sadly, clear to me that the over-regulation simply doesn’t work. It provides a get out clause for poor installers, who have done what the rules say but nevertheless supplied something that isn’t fit for purpose (a very prominent UK defence contractor once had a reputation (probably apocryphal) for delivering projects that were contractually compliant but unfit for purpose – its the same syndrome). Worse still the current regime excludes the very people we need to be involved, namely local plumbers and electricians who value their reputations and exist in sufficient numbers to do the massive task that is needed. Instead the market is populated to a large extent by pop up grant harvesters who employ rookie plumbers and designers, shielded by the glossy certificates. Regulation also frustrates the innovation we need to deal with the wide variety of retrofit situations that exist.
So personally I think that the regulation should be reduced to the absolute minimum necessary to ensure (a) safety and (b) reasonable preservation of neighbour amenity (ie noise in most cases). The market will then take over.
There will still be some poor installs of course, but the reputations of the organisations who do the poor installs will suffer and they will be forced out of the market. Furthermore they wont be able to hide behind the ‘rules’ when defending their position, the defence will be solely on the quality of the work. Those who value their established reputation will do good installs, because they know that reputation matters, and will progressively take over the market from the grant harvesters.
I realise that this wont be a popular view (although I sense it is may be becoming more popular) but personally id much prefer to trust my local plumber whose reputation depends on satisfaction, than the special purpose companies that we are currently forced, in most cases, to use.
Isn’t it now the case that the government offers to pay £500 of those MCS fees?
See this announcement.
DESNZ believe that’s the solution to overcoming the low uptake of heat-pumps.
It implies the low uptake is due to too few ‘approved installers’ rather than a low level of competence.
@Transparent Education, Education, Education! Toodles.
Should it not be an ‘incompetent person scheme’? 😋
This is where lax terminology fails us big time. Three days training, if you have basic plumbing skills, is almost certainly more than enough time to learn to install a heat pump.
However mostly its not the physical installation that goes wrong, its either design or commissioning. These are very different skills (particularly in a retrofit scenario) and no way can you learn those in 3 days. Furthermore you can only expect to learn those skills (in my view) if you have either a degree level education or equivalent experience, plus specific experience in problem solving. Also design/commissioning keeps changing as the technology and understanding of the technology evolves, so CPD is essential.
The industry and these forums keeps talking about ‘installation’ (including by implication system design and commissioning) as a monolithic skill, but it certainly is not.
In other fields the separation between physical installation (requiring principally a high level of craft skill) and system design/commissioning (requiring principally a high level of intellectual skill) is explicitly recognised, but not in this area for some strange reason.
@JamesPa I rather feel that a successful installation is best achieved through team effort rather than a one man band job. Just imagine just one training scheme that everyone had to attend to be part of the NASA workforce! Surely a team effort where various parties each carry out their own specialism with very good liaison with all co-team members is the way to go. Yes, the Project Manager will have to have a good grounding in all aspects – but not as in-depth as the individuals within the team upon whom they would rely? Remember, the saying is: ‘There is no I in Team!’ Regards, Toodles.
Ideally you are right. But we don’t live in an ideal world. Our existing workforce is our existing workforce and expecting to transform its skill set overnight is not realistic. Furthermore most of the time taken to design, install and commission a heat pump is the installation, so we want to engage the big existing workforce for this. Better surely to play to people’s strengths.
What I would hope might happen is that plumbers, electricians and system designers would create informal teams (just like every plumber knows and electrician that ‘they work with’ and vice versa). This creates the team without having to create a formal structure.
@JamesPa Yes, I agree, Teamwork! Regards, Toodles.
Follow up self with further thoughts;
During my working career, I saw a fair few failures of one sort or another whilst working in the DIY trade, the Glass Textile Industry, Precision Engineering and the World of Academia as a Technician and finally as a Facilities Manger of Technical Facilities with a team of Technicians under me.
Over that time, I observed that the vast majority of ‘Failures’ could be put down to ‘Failures in Communicating’ For a team to work well, there is a need for good communications. In my latter years, I was asked to stop doing what I had been doing for some 35 years as a technician and go into junior management at the University. One of the first things I instated was regular meetings of all technical staff to discuss any problems, review current workloads, plans for the immediate future and leave time for all technicians to speak their minds and lay out any problems they were having and listen to comments and suggestions etc. Other areas of Academia started making little rumblings about these meetings as I called them at lunchtimes and had food provided out of expenses. Some people could not see why Technicians should be given food on expenses! I retorted that it was all about communications and that successful accomplishment of the work would greatly benefit from the team effort. I stuck to my guns and the Head of Institute agreed with me and gave me all his support. Regards, Toodles.
Ah….
Should I point out that the Competent Person Scheme isn’t anything to do with MCS.
It’s actually a long-standing provision within Building Regulations.
The Building Act allows for untrained/unqualified people to undertake certain skilled operations which would normally be the preserve of certified professionals (usually members of recognised trade organisation).
When I was doing extensive plumbing/heating and electrical work on my renovation project in 2004, a surveyor within the Building Control Dept of the Local Authority suggested that they would prefer me to operate within the Competent Person Scheme. That provision negates the requirement on me to employ a qualified electrician or a heating-engineer to undertake work for which I was deemed competent. Furthermore the work would no longer require inspection by a Building Control Surveyor.
The scheme’s rules change over the years, but it still exists.
It remains a possible route through which genuinely competent installers of heat pumps could be recognised to continue doing that work, but without first needing to receive training in all other types of heating (gas boilers/fires/cookers, solid-fuel Aga stoves etc).
If that’s of interest, then perhaps someone with more spare time on their hands than I, could research it further.
Since the provision is already recognised in law, it could be modified if ‘we’ proposed a particular derivative of it to tackle the issue of Heat Pump installation.
I think you’re on the right track @JamesPa
The Competent Persons Scheme is already being promoted by MCS as a quick way to get more HP installers ‘out there’ and working.
… but because it’s being formally organised, they haven’t got the checks in place to ensure that the candidates already have the appropriate range of skills before they’re accepted onto the 3-day course.
The provisions under the Building Act were originally intended to work the other way around, and could still do so.
The concept is based on providing a method of approval for those who are already demonstrating competence.
Imagine:
A farmer offers a tiny half-acre field to the Local Planning Authority under the Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA).
The LPA like the idea, and it’s supported by the District Councillor for that ward.
But it’s outside the areas identified for development under the Local Plan (the adopted Core Strategy).
The site doesn’t get included.
The Councillor and the farmer decide to push forward the site anyway because they have a real need to house workers in their 20’s who’ve grown up in the area.
They obtain a copy of the Self Build list from the Council. (All Councils are required to keep such a list of interested parties).
A meeting is held in the village hall.
This attracts a great deal of interest, and four possible self-builders are selected for the site, which actually has potential for 10 dwellings.
They form a Community Land Trust and apply for Outline Planning Permission.
This is granted unanimously as an ‘exception site’ due to the obvious housing need for genuinely local people.
The local news carries the story, and they are approached by two other people:
1: The British Legion have a member who is recently invalided out of the Royal Engineers.
He’s lost a leg due to a land mine, and will need housing and work within about 3 months.
His parents live in the adjacent ward for the same District Council.
As part of his rehabilitation, he will come with a package that includes money towards housing and employment re-training.
2: Another local family have a daughter aged 28 who left home, but got caught up in a city-based drugs gang.
Following a court conviction she’s been sent for detox at a clinic 250-miles away.
She’s about to be released under licence. Neither the Probation Service nor the family want her to return to that city.
The Community Land Trust agrees to both new applicants joining them.
They are introduced to an architect who occasionally produces reports for the Council.
She designs them a site layout for ten dwellings to be built using Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) for rapid construction.
They obtain full planning consent for the first six of those houses.
Each is to be equipped with heat-pumps and UFH.
As construction starts, the ex-REME quickly becomes accepted as the group leader.
He pulls in knowledge from others still in the army, and they re-design the heat-pump systems to have integrated storage batteries.
These will be charged by rooftop solar-panels, and a 3kW hydro-electric generator in the stream two fields away (with the farmer’s agreement).
The houses are built and the new residents move in within 6 months from starting.
The farmer immediately requests that similar heat-pumps with battery storage are installed at the main farmhouse and the cottage of his other farm worker.
The Councillor brings to site a representative of a Housing Association.
They ask the same group to build the remaining four houses on that plot, to be owned by the Association and rented out to people on the Council’s housing list.
… and I guess you can see where this is heading!
Not only have those households got a steady stream of potential customers, but they’ve also acquired a particular skill-set based around their re-modelled heat pump.
That’s the point at which they get granted Competent Persons Status within the scope of the Building Act.
It’s miles different to the strategy being pursued by MCS and central government.
Instead of being general-purpose trained/qualified trades-people, they are the designers and installers of a particular type of heat-pump system for which there is growing demand.
I thought I’d chip in with some musings by Richard Erskine (of “Insulate Britain! Yes, but by how much?" fame/infamy) from 9th March 2022 where he believes that SMEs are the way ahead, breaking the job of heat pump installation into various roles. The ratios (1:2:10 of designer:electrician:plumber) seem to imply a fair number of people in the organisation (a couple of dozen).
My favorite moment from when we spoke to the installer who had attended the BPEC course was when a fellow attendee asked, “Where do you put the anti-legionella fluid?" Rather alarming.
I’m writing in response to your insightful blog post about the lack of substance in MCS certification. Your points resonate deeply with my current distressing experience, which I believe perfectly illustrates the “hollowness" you describe. Here’s a summary of my situation:
I invested in a heat pump and solar panel installation from an MCS-certified installer.
My MCS certificate explicitly stated a 5-year Insurance Backed Guarantee (IBG).
The installer has since gone into liquidation, leaving me with a faulty system that is costing more to run and not performing as expected (e.g., heat pump not heating house at specified flow temperature, solar panels generating significantly less than stated capacity).
Upon trying to claim the IBG, I discovered no such insurance policy exists for my installation.
Crucially, MCS has confirmed that they do not validate the information installers enter into their portal when generating certificates. This means installers can effectively “mark their own homework," leading to official documents containing factually incorrect information.
This situation exposes a severe flaw: despite the Scottish government (and indeed the UK government) advocating for MCS-certified installers, there appears to be no genuine protection for consumers, especially when installers become insolvent. It feels as though public funds are being directed towards a system that allows incompetent entities to operate under a veneer of accreditation, ultimately hindering our progress towards a green revolution. So far, I have taken the following steps:
Sent a detailed email to my local MSP, Angela Constance, highlighting the specific issues and the broader consumer protection failings.
Lodged a formal complaint with MCS, directly challenging their process for allowing fraudulent/incorrect information on certificates and demanding accountability.
Followed up with Gregor Poynton (UK MP), emphasizing that MCS’s inability to validate its own standards is a UK-wide issue that needs to be addressed at a national level.
I’m now at a point where I’m seeking further avenues to raise this issue. Given your expertise and platform, I would be very grateful for any advice on what else I can do to escalate this systemic problem and ensure that proper safeguards are put in place for consumers investing in renewable technologies. Thank you for shedding light on these critical issues.
@adisharma I’m really sorry to hear what’s happened, and I completely agree that your experience underlines exactly the issues we’ve been raising with MCS for some time now. I’ve been saying it for years: MCS is not fit for purpose.
The fact that MCS confirmed they don’t validate the installer-uploaded info before issuing a certificate is staggering, but it sadly reinforces the point that a certificate is just that… a certificate. It doesn’t confirm competence, and clearly doesn’t guarantee compliance or meaningful oversight. It’s just data entry. And in your case, that lack of validation has left you without the protection you were promised, despite having followed all the “right” steps.
If you’re up for it, I’d really encourage you to turn this experience into an open letter (I’d be happy to publish it on the main RHH site if that helps amplify your plight) and I will send that link to all the major stakeholders at MCS (including Ian Rippon) for comment. The more we can expose the disconnect between government rhetoric (ie. “use an MCS-certified installer for peace of mind!") and the reality on the ground, the more pressure we can collectively put on those in charge to tighten the system.
Absolutely, please let me know if you need anything else from me.
@adisharma I’ll work on a draft and send you a version to the email address you used to register on the forums. If there’s anything else you’d like to add, please feel free to post/comment below, or send an email to editor@renewableheatinghub.co.uk
Sure thanks will do, much appreciated
@adisharma
I’m really sorry to hear about your experience which unfortunately, whilst relatively rare, is not unknown in the renewables industry, or indeed the construction industry more generally. I am not the expert on routes to ‘escalate’ so will leave it to others to comment on this.
My personal experience in such cases (having been there myself with other parts of the construction industry), is that self help can become the only practical option, at least sometimes. If you do want to explore options to improve your systems without the help of your installer please feel free to post some details and I or others here may well have some suggestions. I appreciate you may not be ready to take this step yet, so equally please don’t feel you have to. Many problems with heat pumps in particular come down to fairly simple controller configuration issues which the householder can in reality sort out.
Thanks James, the issues I have at a high level are:
Are you operating the heat pump 24*7 with all, or almost all, trvs fully open, room thermostat if any set at least 2C above target and weather compensation adjusted accordingly. If not then it may be that all you need to do is tweak the controls.
Solar panels are specified by ‘kWp’ (kW peak) output which is the output when the sun is falling perpendicular to the panels. Most installations come close to the peak but don’t necessarily match it. You imply you are in Scotland which typically will reduce output (unless you have a steep roof) simply because the sun is lower in the sky. What angle (to the vertical) and orientation (compass angle) are your solar panels at?
Most likely your inverter is anyway specified at 3.68kW (IE 16A at 230V), the max allowed without express permission from your electric company.
I apologise if you have already considered these matters, but we need first to check it’s not something relatively simple.
I’m more than happy to try to help.
Are you operating the heat pump 24*7 with all, or almost all, trvs fully open, room thermostat if any set at least 2C above target and weather compensation adjusted accordingly (IE as low as you can get it consistent with just heating the house). If not then it may be that all you need to do is tweak the controls.
If you are already doing this can you provide some more info about heat pump, controls and calculations/observed issues?
Solar panels are specified by ‘kWp’ (kW peak) output which is the output when the sun is falling perpendicular to the panels. Most installations come close to the peak but don’t necessarily match it. You imply you are in Scotland which typically will reduce output (unless you have a steep roof) simply because the sun is lower in the sky. What angle (to the vertical) and orientation (compass angle) are your solar panels at?
Most likely your inverter is anyway specified at 3.68kW (IE 16A at 230V), the max allowed without express permission from your electric company.
I apologise if you have already considered these matters, but we need first to check it’s not something relatively simple.
Thanks for the inputs, much appreciated,
Heat Pump – I have hive installed which controls the heating and have hot water on schedule. I also have 4 TRV which control the bedroom temperatures i.e, stops heating the room when it reaches the desired temperature. What i have observed is that the heat coming out of the radiators when the flow is set at 45 is like lukewarm heat. When it is increased to 55 the radiators actually start to feel hot. Also, Heat Pump is running on compensation setting.
Solar Panels – I have a gable roof with is south facing, not sure of the exact angle, but during summers (when it is a sunny day with no clouds) sun will be directly on top most of the day facing into it and there is no restrictions.
Hive and most other smart thermostats don’t play well with heat pumps and should generally be disabled.. Radiators should be luke warm most of the time and never, or almost never, hot.
I think it’s highly likely that your settings are wrong and before concluding anything about the installation itself this needs to be fixed. Heat pumps are run in trickle mode at low temperature 24×7 so that the energy supplied just matches the energy lost by the house, not on/off like boilers. It’s almost the polar opposite of how we run boilers in the UK, but results in cheaper operation and a more comfortable house.
It’s difficult to adjust this outside the heating season but the basic procedure is
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Turn up all trvs to maximum
Turn up the hive and any other thermostats to maximum, set the heat pump and any external controls including the hive to run 24×7
Open any zone valves 24×7
Your house will get too warm.
Adjust the high oat end of the wc curve to say 27CFT at 20COAT
Slowly, over a period of several days, reduce the set ft at the low OAT end of the WC curve until the house is just the right temperature. You need to be changing it a degree at a time only and leaving for 24hrs after each change (you may be able to go a bit faster at first). It will take several days.
If different rooms settle at different temperatures (or you want some rooms, eg bedroom, a bit cooler) you may need to balance radiators, which you do by adjusting the locksield valve (the one opposite the trv)
Once the house is stable at the temperature you want you have the correct settings. Leave all (or at least most) trvs on max and any external thermostats and the hive no less than 2C above the target temperature. If one or two rooms experience solar gain or any other disturbance which causes the room periodically to overheat, you can use a trv, set a couple of degrees above target, as a limiter in that room.
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I can provide more detail and it would help to know the make of heat pump, but until you start heating again it’s more or less impossible to do this adjustment. Once it is done we will know whether the emitters have been correctly sized or not.
This is a bit less obvious. The most probable faults causing lower than expected output are:
None of these are especially likely so again I think we first need to be certain there is a fault. Gable ends can be quite shallow, or quite steep, so more info on this would help. Also how many panels do you have, what is the rating of each panel, what make and model of inverter and how are you measuring the output power? The certificate should have most of this info except for how you are measuring the output power. Where roughly in Scotland are you (its lattitude that matters).
Sorry to ask more questions but its difficult to diagnose a fault without more detail.